Scammed me as well for Casio G-shock. Returned an empty box.

Well, is it? Is pumpkin a fruit?

The short answer: Yes—at least, that's what scientists say. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, they've defined fruit "in its strict botanical sense" as "the fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds."

Simply put, pumpkins are fruits.

But frankly—and at the risk of being labeled as pumpkin conspiracy theorists—we'll have you know that we're not buying it.

Sure, fine: Pumpkins do fit that encyclopedic description. They're fleshy. They contain seeds. But does that really mean we should run around calling them "fruits" like we're some sort of culinary MONSTERS?

No way, no how. After all, if pumpkins are fruits, then that would mean practically anything with an enclosed seed would qualify as a fruit. Ha! Avocados. Olives. Peppers. BEANS!

Well, then, which is it? Is pumpkin a gourd or a fruit?

Sigh.

That whole "pumpkin is a fruit" thing we just talked about? Yeah, that's not the only hard news we're going to have to break to you today. Get this: All gourds are fruits. In fact, all the name really means is that the specific flowering plant species to which it refers often (but not always!) share a hard, dried-out shell.

We repeat: All gourds are fruits. Summer squash. Winter squash. Acorn squash. Butternut squash. No squash is safe!

Okay. We're nervous to ask this, but...is pumpkin a berry?

Come on. Do you really need to ask that? Is it not enough that our entire worlds are already turned upside down?

...Yes. Pumpkin is technically a berry. Defined as a "simple, fleshy fruit that usually has many seeds," the word "berry" actually encompasses a whole lot more than you may have previously thought. And pumpkins aren't the only surprising member of its delicious family either: Under that definition, watermelon, cucumbers, bananas, and tomatoes are also berries.

Oh, and guess what's not a berry? Raspberries, blackberries, and strawberries, of course. They're actually called "aggregate fruits," since they're made up of many smaller fruits, and the seeds are the "fruit" part.

We need a drink.

Growing your own vegetables is both fun and rewarding. All you really need to get started is some decent soil and a few plants. But to be a really successful vegetable gardener — and to do it organically — you'll need to understand what it takes to keep your plants healthy and vigorous. Here are the basics.

"Feed the soil" is like a mantra for organic gardeners, and with good reason. In conventional chemical agriculture, crop plants are indeed "fed" directly using synthetic fertilizers.

When taken to extremes, this kind of chemical force-feeding can gradually impoverish the soil. And turn it from a rich entity teeming with microorganisms insects and other life forms, into an inert growing medium that exists mainly to anchor the plants' roots, and that provides little or no nutrition in its own right.

Although various fertilizers and mineral nutrients (agricultural lime, rock phosphate, greensand, etc.) should be added periodically to the organic garden, by far the most useful substance for building and maintaining a healthy, well-balanced soil is organic matter.You can add organic matter to your soil many different ways, such as compost, shredded leaves, animal manures or cover crops.

Organic matter improves the fertility, the structure and the tilth of all kinds of soils. In particular, organic matter provides a continuous source of nitrogen and other nutrients that plants need to grow. It also provides a rich food source for soil microbes. As organisms in the soil carry out the processes of decay and decomposition, they make these nutrients available to plants. For more on this subject, read Building Healthy Soil.

PLEASE report them at https://coprs.noris.org/ -- this is the Toledo, OH police department's online police report site. We reported them and it is still pending investigation...maybe if they get another report they will actually do something.

Diseases

Sooner or later, plant disease will enter your garden. However, there are ways to reduce disease in your garden and in some cases, even prevent plant disease. Knowing how to tell if a plant is healthy, picking disease resistant plant varieties and being able to identify the primary types of plant disease are all ways to help control plant disease.

Plant diseases are either a fungus, bacteria, or viral. Symptoms like stunted growth, spotted leaves, wilting, and yellowing leaves are all indications of possible trouble. Not all diseases can be treated, and yet others are effectively controlled with organic or synthetic methods

Eco-Friendly Ideas

There are multiple ways we can practice environmental stewardship and go green in our own little corner of the world. Eco-friendly ideas and suggestions come to the forefront every day. Many of those ideas can be applied to gardening. As we strive to offer smart resources for better gardening we will accumulate those ideas here.

We welcome your input as well. Please feel free to use the contact us form to share your eco-friendly practices. We will post as many as we can in this section of the website.

Fertilizers and Chemicals

Because gardening is part science, making sure you have the right mix of nutrients for your plants is vital to your garden’s success. Whether you choose to garden organically or traditionally, fertilizers add desirable nutrients to the soil. Understanding what the numbers on the fertilizer package mean will help ensure your plants receive the proper balance they require.

Properly balancing the use of chemicals in your garden to fight pests is important also. You may choose only organic pest control methods, using botanical insecticides, or opt for synthetic pesticides.

Flower Gardening

From annuals to perennials, flower gardening can be a world unto itself. Whether you’re starting flowers from seed, landscaping with flowers to add a splash of color and personality, or just trying to understand the difference between an annual vs. perennial, give your garden the best possible start by checking out the flower gardening tips below. Happy growing!

Garden Gear

Finding “Smart Resources for Better Gardening” is something we take very seriously here at joegardener.com. From the annual list of The Best of the Must-haves, to products that cross our paths nearly every day, we are constantly on the lookout to bring valuable, innovative solutions to make your gardening life more enjoyable and productive.

Take a look at some of the products we’ve listed below that have peaked our interest along the way.

Insects and Pests

A beautiful garden usually attracts more than an impressed neighbor. Only hours after planting, you may find that insects and pests are just as taken with your garden as you are.

Although there is no way to eliminate pests all together, there are several things you can do to cut down on the number of unwanted visitors to your garden. From Integrated Pest Management (IPM), botanical insecticides, organic and synthetic pesticides and insecticides, to barriers, numerous pest deterrents can be easily purchased or made.

Landscaping

Having a beautiful yard can sometimes seem like an impossible task. Although many beautiful landscape designs require a large commitment of time, there are simple things everyone can do to improve curb appeal. Here are a few landscape design tips you can do to make your yard the envy of the neighborhood.

Lawns and Turf

For many of us, our lawn is the biggest garden we have. Whether you have warm season (Zoysia, Bermuda, Centipede or St. Augustine) or cool season (Fescue) grass, maintenance on any turf is very similar.

Lawn care basics include knowing when to fertilize lawns and how to fertilize lawns, along with an understanding of disease control in turf and lawn weed control. All are important steps in establishing and maintaining a lush green lawn.

Organic Gardening

The use of natural products to improve the soil and fight pest and disease, are all part of organic gardening basics. Soil amendments like compost, manure, and natural fertilizers are included in the list. By eliminating man-made and synthetic products from your gardening regimen, you can create a safe and biodynamic garden.

Seasonal Gardening

No matter where you live, gardening is a year-round activity. Oh, certainly in many parts of the country winter snows blanket the ground but gardeners are busy planning for spring and tending to plants indoors.

Fall colors can be every bit as stunning as a beautiful spring border. And, summer presents its own set of challenges. Hopefully these articles will teach and inspire you no matter what the season.

Trees and Shrubs

Whether you’re looking for leaf color, bright or fragrant blossoms, fruit for eating, or simply a feast for the eyes, trees and shrubs can fit the bill. Like other plants in the garden, trees and shrubs need care and maintenance too.

Trees and shrubs are vital to any well-balanced garden. They add height and depth and create just the right punctuations when needed. They are available in every size and shape and include evergreens and deciduous varieties. The articles below will help you get the most out of these important contributions to every landscape.

Vegetable Gardening

You don’t have to have a huge green thumb or an aversion to store-bought veggies to enjoy your own home vegetable garden. What tastes better than an heirloom tomato, or any homegrown vegetable? It doesn’t matter if you’re just starting a vegetable garden or looking to dig deeper. Here, you’ll find plenty of information, from a vegetable gardening overview, to organic vegetable gardening, harvesting techniques, pest and disease control, and much more.

Cutting-edge Biomanufacturing Aboard the International Space Station

Most likely, you’re aware of 3D printing, which allows you to design and produce one-of-a-kind pieces for a variety of purposes. But what if you could use that same technology to manufacture biological materials, like new tissue or blood vessels? Welcome to the world of 3D biomanufacturing, a cutting-edge practice on Earth that is being tested aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

Dr. Mike Roberts, Deputy Chief Scientist at the ISS U.S. National Laboratory, explains why the space station is critical to biomanufacturing’s future. “We’ve been able to grow cells in a lab for well over a century”, he notes. “But gravity limits that growth to two dimensions. Cells can grow outward, but not up and down like they do in the human body. Also, lab cells are often in contact with the glass or plastic that contains them. But aboard the space station, our experiments will be conducted in microgravity. That allows you to build your cell models in three dimensions, without being confined to the bottom of a dish or unable to grow in contact with lots of other cells.”

Biomanufacturing imagines the ability to someday grow a viable human organ. Organs are composed of specific tissue intersected by blood vessels. Most organs and thicker tissues in the body have a rich, complex network of blood vessels that provide nutrients and remove wastes from the living cells that make up the tissue. We currently lack the ability and the tools to engineer these highly branched, living networks of vessels inside layers of tissues on Earth.

Another medical advantage to manufacturing biological parts in space is the potential to bypass the body’s immune system. Today, organ transplants from donors are prone to rejection because the patient’s body perceives the new organ as a foreign object, and their immune system tries to attack it. But with the ability to grow tissue in space, a person could conceivably have their own cells used to make their new organ, which might avoid the body’s rejection.

Three different types of biomanufacturing facilities will be tested aboard the space station. Two of them perform in a manner similar to a standard 3D printer – they extrude cells in layers to build tissue. The third type uses powerful magnets to position the cells in place. Each of these three different approaches to bioprinting in microgravity will be available to medical researchers seeking to better understand how to engineer tissues and organs for use in repairing injury and curing disease on Earth.

As Dr. Roberts notes: “The 3D bio printers represent cutting-edge technologies that could clearly benefit health outcomes on Earth. I think the ability to manufacture a fully functioning human organ will take some time – maybe a decade or more – but the knowledge we’ll acquire to get there will also create interim benefits as we learn more about cell regeneration in space and its application to humans on Earth.”

Ludwig van Beethoven, (baptized December 17, 1770, Bonn, archbishopric of Cologne [Germany]—died March 26, 1827, Vienna, Austria), German composer, the predominant musical figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras.

Widely regarded as the greatest composer who ever lived, Ludwig van Beethoven dominates a period of musical history as no one else before or since. Rooted in the Classical traditions of Joseph Haydn and Mozart, his art reaches out to encompass the new spirit of humanism and incipient nationalism expressed in the works of Goethe and Friedrich von Schiller, his elder contemporaries in the world of literature; the stringently redefined moral imperatives of Kant; and the ideals of the French Revolution, with its passionate concern for the freedom and dignity of the individual.

He revealed more vividly than any of his predecessors the power of music to convey a philosophy of life without the aid of a spoken text; and in certain of his compositions is to be found the strongest assertion of the human will in all music, if not in all art. Though not himself a Romantic, he became the fountainhead of much that characterized the work of the Romantics who followed him, especially in his ideal of program or illustrative music, which he defined in connection with his Sixth (Pastoral) Symphony as “more an expression of emotion than painting.”

In musical form he was a considerable innovator, widening the scope of sonata, symphony, concerto, and quartet, while in the Ninth Symphony he combined the worlds of vocal and instrumental music in a manner never before attempted. His personal life was marked by a heroic struggle against encroaching deafness, and some of his most important works were composed during the last 10 years of his life when he was quite unable to hear. In an age that saw the decline of court and church patronage, he not only maintained himself from the sale and publication of his works but also was the first musician to receive a salary with no duties other than to compose how and when he felt inclined.

Life and work
The early years

Beethoven was the eldest surviving child of Johann and Maria Magdalena van Beethoven. The family was Flemish in origin and can be traced back to Malines. It was Beethoven’s grandfather who had first settled in Bonn when he became a singer in the choir of the archbishop-elector of Cologne; he eventually rose to become Kappellmeister. His son Johann was also a singer in the electoral choir; thus, like most 18th-century musicians, Beethoven was born into the profession. Though at first quite prosperous, the Beethoven family became steadily poorer with the death of his grandfather in 1773 and the decline of his father into alcoholism. By age 11 Beethoven had to leave school; at 18 he was the breadwinner of the family.

Having observed in his eldest son the signs of a talent for the piano, Johann tried to make Ludwig a child prodigy like Mozart but did not succeed. It was not until his adolescence that Beethoven began to attract mild attention.

When in 1780 Joseph II became sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, he appointed his brother Maximilian Francis as adjutant and successor-designate to the archbishop-elector of Cologne. Under Maximilian’s rule, Bonn was transformed from a minor provincial town into a thriving and cultured capital city. A liberal Roman Catholic, he endowed Bonn with a university, limited the power of his own clergy, and opened the city to the full tide of the German literary renaissance associated with Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, and the young Goethe and Schiller.

A sign of the times was the nomination as court organist of Christian Gottlob Neefe, a Protestant from Saxony, who became Beethoven’s teacher. Although somewhat limited as a musician, Neefe was nonetheless a man of high ideals and wide culture, a man of letters as well as a composer of songs and light theatrical pieces; and it was to be through Neefe that Beethoven in 1783 would have his first extant composition (Nine Variations on a March by Dressler) published at Mannheim. By June 1782 Beethoven had become Neefe’s assistant as court organist.

In 1783 he was also appointed continuo player to the Bonn opera. By 1787 he had made such progress that Maximilian Francis, archbishop-elector since 1784, was persuaded to send him to Vienna to study with Mozart. The visit was cut short when, after a short time, Beethoven received the news of his mother’s death. According to tradition, Mozart was highly impressed with Beethoven’s powers of improvisation and told some friends that “this young man will make a great name for himself in the world”; no reliable account of Beethoven’s first trip to Vienna survives, however.

For the next five years, Beethoven remained at Bonn. To his other court duties was added that of playing viola in the theatre orchestra; and, although the archbishop for the time being showed him no further mark of special favour, he was beginning to make valuable acquaintances. Sometime previously he had come to know the widow of the chancellor, Joseph von Breuning, and she engaged him as music teacher to two of her four children. From then on, the Breunings’ house became for him a second home, far more congenial than his own. Through Mme von Breuning, Beethoven acquired a number of wealthy pupils. His most useful social contact came in 1788 with the arrival in Bonn of Ferdinand, Graf (count) von Waldstein, a member of the highest Viennese aristocracy and a music lover. Waldstein became a member of the Breuning circle, where he heard Beethoven play and at once became his devoted admirer.

At a fancy dress ball given in 1790, the ballet music, according to the Almanach de Gotha (a journal chronicling the social activities of the aristocracy), had been composed by the count, but it was generally known that Beethoven had written it for him. The same year saw the death of the emperor Joseph II. Through Waldstein again, Beethoven was invited to compose a funeral ode for soloists, chorus, and orchestra, but the scheduled performance was canceled because the wind players found certain passages too difficult. He then added to it a complementary piece celebrating the accession of Joseph’s brother Leopold II.

There is no record that either was ever performed until the end of the 19th century, when the manuscripts were rediscovered in Vienna and pronounced authentic by Johannes Brahms. But in 1790 another great composer had seen and admired them: that year Haydn, passing through Bonn on his way to London, was feted by the elector and his musical establishment; when shown Beethoven’s score, he was sufficiently impressed by it to offer to take Beethoven as a pupil when he returned from London.

Beethoven accepted Haydn’s offer and in the autumn of 1792, while the armies of the French Revolution were storming into the Rhineland provinces, Beethoven left Bonn, never to return. The album that he took with him (preserved in the Beethoven-Haus in Bonn) indicates the wide circle of his acquaintances and friends in Bonn. The most prophetic of the entries, written shortly after Mozart’s death, runs:

The spirit of Mozart is mourning and weeping over the death of her beloved. With the inexhaustible Haydn she found repose but no occupation. With the help of unremitting labour you shall receive Mozart’s spirit from Haydn’s hands. (Waldstein)

The compositions belonging to the years at Bonn—excluding those probably begun at Bonn but revised and completed in Vienna—are of more interest to the Beethoven student than to the ordinary music lover. They show the influences in which his art was rooted as well as the natural difficulties that he had to overcome and that his early training was inadequate to remedy. Three piano sonatas written in 1783 demonstrate that, musically, Bonn was an outpost of Mannheim, the cradle of the modern orchestra in Germany, and the nursery of a musical style that was to make a vital contribution to the classical symphony.

But, at the time of Beethoven’s childhood, the Mannheim school was already in decline. The once famous orchestra was, in effect, dissolved after the war of 1778 between Austria and Prussia. The Mannheim style had degenerated into mannerism; this particular influence is reflected in a preoccupation with extremes of piano (soft) and forte (loud), often deployed in contradiction to the musical phrasing, that may be found in Beethoven’s early sonatas and in much else written by him at that time—which is not surprising, since the symphonies of later Mannheim composers formed the staple fare of the Bonn court orchestra.

But what was only an occasional effect for Mozart and others influenced by the Mannheim composers was to remain a fundamental element for Beethoven. The sudden pianos, the unexpected outbursts, the wide leaping arpeggio figures with concluding explosive effects (known as “Mannheim rockets”)—all these are central to Beethoven’s musical personality and were to help him toward the liberation of instrumental music from its dependence on vocal style. Beethoven may indeed be described as the last and finest flower on the Mannheim tree.

Early influences

Like other composers of his generation, Beethoven was subject to the influence of popular music and of folk music, influences particularly strong in the Waldstein ballet music of 1790 and in several of his early songs and unison choruses. Heavy Rhineland dance rhythms can be found in many of his mature compositions; but he could assimilate other local idioms as well—Italian, French, Slavic, and even Celtic. Although never a nationalist or folk composer in the 20th-century sense, he often allowed the unusual contours of folk melody to lead him away from traditional harmonic procedure; moreover, that he resorts to a folklike idiom in setting Schiller’s covertly nationalist text in the Ninth Symphony accords well with nationalist practices of the later 19th century.

French music impinged on him from two main directions: from Mannheim, whose artistic links with Paris had always been strong, and from the Bonn Nationaltheater, which relied for its repertory mainly on comic operas translated from the French. In fashionable Bonn society, sympathy with the French Revolution was very strong, and the flavour of the French Revolutionary march is present in many of Beethoven’s symphonic allegros. The jigging rhythms to be found in several of his scherzos are also clearly of French provenance.

Like all pianists of the late 18th century, Beethoven was raised on the sonatas and teachings of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, the chief exponent of “expressive” music at a time when music was regarded as the art of pleasing sounds. These sonatas, with their quirks of rhythms and harmony and their occasional wordless recitative, were equally familiar to Haydn and Mozart; but in Beethoven they evoked a much readier response, not only for reasons of temperament but also because of the intellectual climate in which he himself was reared. The favourite literary fare of the Breunings and their friends was associated with the Sturm und Drang, a reaction against the rationalism of the early 18th century, an exaltation of feeling and instinct over reason.

Its gospel was enshrined in Goethe’s early novel The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774), the language of which finds an echo in certain of Beethoven’s letters and especially in the “Heiligenstadt Testament” (see below).

In such a movement music took on a new importance as an art of feeling. The sharp conflicts of mood that characterize the sonatas of C.P.E. Bach appear much more powerfully again in Beethoven; to Beethoven, “feeling” was as important in practice as it was in theory to his master Neefe, who proclaimed it the only condition of artistic value (moreover, for those who claim Beethoven as a Romantic, this emphasis on feeling is paramount). His literary world—he read widely and voraciously despite a formal education that in arithmetic had not carried him as far as the multiplication table—was rooted in the German classics, above all Goethe and Schiller.

The Bonn compositions of most enduring interest date, as might be expected, from the last years: a Rondino and an Octet, for wind instruments, composed in 1792, probably for the elector’s harmonie (wind band); a Trio in G Major for Flute, Bassoon, and Piano (1791); and the two cantatas. The songs, which were doubtless written under Neefe’s inspiration, show no great feeling for the solo voice. This is strange in one whose father and grandfather both had been singers, but it remained a limitation that pursued Beethoven throughout his career. Of particular interest are 24 variations on a theme by Vincenzo Righini, an Italian composer, which, like the String Trio in E-flat Major, Opus 3, Beethoven revised and then published at a much later date. These variations, representing a compendium of Beethoven’s piano technique, for a long time were to serve as the mainstay of his repertory in the salons of Vienna.

Vienna

Before Beethoven left Bonn, he had acquired a very considerable reputation in northwest Germany as a piano virtuoso, with a particular talent for extemporization. Mozart had been one of the finest improvisers of his age; by all accounts Beethoven surpassed him. In the age of sensibility he could move an audience to tears more easily than any other pianist of the time. For this reason especially he was taken up by the Viennese aristocracy almost from the moment he set foot in Vienna. Waldstein had, of course, prepared the way with his talk of a successor to Mozart; and it is significant that Beethoven’s earliest patrons in Vienna were Gottfried, Baron van Swieten and Karl, Fürst (prince) von Lichnowsky, who alone among the aristocracy had remained Mozart’s supporters until his death. Perhaps, as well, Beethoven traded on the “van” in his name—which was widely if wrongly understood to denote noble lineage—to gain easier access to aristocratic circles.

In the Vienna of the 1790s, music had become more and more the favourite pastime of a cultured aristocracy, for whom politics under the reactionary emperor Francis II were now discreditable and dangerous and who had, moreover, never shown a like appreciation of any of the other fine arts. Many played instruments themselves well enough to be able to take their place beside professionals. Probably at no other time and in no other city was there such a high standard of amateur and semiprofessional music-making as in the Vienna of Beethoven’s day.

As a composer, however, Beethoven still had many technical problems to overcome, and it soon became clear that Haydn was not the best person to help him. Outwardly their relations remained cordial; but Beethoven soon began taking extra lessons in secret. One of his teachers was the organist of St. Stephen’s Cathedral, Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, a learned contrapuntist of the old school who equipped him with the comprehensive technique that he needed. He also studied vocal composition with Antonio Salieri, the imperial Kappellmeister. By 1794, when Haydn had left for his second visit to London, there was no longer any question of Beethoven’s returning to Bonn, which was then in French hands.

The elector himself had left, and consequently Beethoven’s subsidy came to an end. But he had no need to worry for, apart from what he was able to earn by teaching and playing, he received free board and lodgings from Prince Lichnowsky. The year 1795 marked Beethoven’s first public appearance as a pianist in Vienna. He played a concerto (No. 2, Opus 19) of his own and one by Mozart and also took part in a benefit concert for Haydn. More important still, his Three Trios for Piano, Violin, and Cello, Opus 1, were published with a long list of aristocratic subscribers.

In the next three years he undertook concert tours in Berlin and Prague and might have traveled more widely still had the international situation permitted. In 1800 he launched a public concert on the grand scale, in which one of his own piano concerti, the Septet (Opus 20), and the First Symphony were given, together with works by Haydn and Mozart. The event contributed a great deal to the spread of Beethoven’s fame abroad.

The turn of the century concluded what is generally referred to as Beethoven’s first period, although some usefully extend it to the summer of 1802, when he wrote the “Heilgenstadt Testament” (see below); during this period his art stayed mainly within the bounds of 18th-century technique and ideas. Most of his published works during that time are for the piano, alone or with other instruments, important exceptions being the String Trio in E-flat Major, Opus 3; the Three String Trios, Opus 9; the Six String Quartets, Opus 18; and the First Symphony. Beethoven extended his range slowly and methodically, but he was still a piano composer par excellence.

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Approaching deafness

A change in direction occurred with Beethoven’s gradual realization that he was becoming deaf. The first symptoms had appeared even before 1800, yet for a few years his life continued unchanged: he still played in the houses of the nobility, in rivalry with other pianists, and performed in public with such visiting virtuosos as violinist George Bridgetower (to whom the Kreutzer Sonata was originally dedicated). But by 1802 he could no longer be in doubt that his malady was both permanent and progressive. During a summer spent at the (then) country village of Heiligenstadt he wrote the “Heiligenstadt Testament.” Ostensibly intended for his two brothers, the document begins:

O ye men who think or say that I am malevolent, stubborn or misanthropic, how greatly do you wrong me. You do not know the cause of my seeming so. From childhood my heart and mind was disposed to the gentle feeling of good will. I was ever eager to accomplish great deeds, but reflect now that for six years I have been in a hopeless case, made worse by ignorant doctors, yearly betrayed in the hope of getting better, finally forced to face the prospect of a permanent malady whose cure will take years or even prove impossible.

He was tempted to take his own life,

But only Art held back; for, ah, it seemed unthinkable for me to leave the world forever before I had produced all that I felt called upon to produce.…

There is a Werther-like postscript:

As the leaves of autumn wither and fall, so has my own life become barren: almost as I came, so I go hence. Even that high courage that inspired me in the fair days of summer has now vanished.

More significant, perhaps, are his words in a letter to his friend Franz Wegeler: “I will seize fate by the throat.…” Elsewhere he remarks, “If only I were rid of my affliction I would embrace the whole world.” He was to do both, though the condition he hoped for was not fulfilled.

From then on his days as a virtuoso were numbered. Although it was not until about 1819 that his deafness became total, making necessary the use of those conversation books in which friends wrote down their questions while he replied orally, his playing degenerated as he became able to hear less and less. He continued to appear in public from time to time, but most of his energies were absorbed in composing. He would spend the months from May to October in one or another of the little villages near Vienna. Many of his musical ideas came to him on long country walks and were noted in sketchbooks.

These sketchbooks, many of which have been preserved, reveal much about Beethoven’s working methods.

The man who could improvise the most intricate fantasies on the spur of the moment took infinite pains in the shaping of a considered composition. In the sketchbooks such famous melodies as the adagio of the Emperor Concerto or the andante of the Kreutzer Sonata can be seen emerging from trivial and characterless beginnings into their final forms. It seems, too, that Beethoven worked on more than one composition at a time and that he was rarely in a hurry to finish anything that he had on hand.

Early sketches for the Fifth Symphony, for instance, date originally from 1804, although the finished work did not appear until 1808. Sometimes the sketches are accompanied by verbal comments as a kind of aide-mémoire. Sometimes, as in the sketching of the Third Symphony (Eroica), he would leave several bars blank, making it clear that the rhythmic scheme had preceded the melodic in his mind. Many of the sketches consist merely of a melody line and a bass—enough, in fact, to establish a continuity. But in many works, especially the later ones, the sketching process is very elaborate indeed, with revisions and alterations continuing up to the date of publication. If, in general, it is only the primitive sketches and jottings that have survived, this is because Beethoven kept them beside him as potential sources of material for later compositions.

Beethoven and the theatre

The next few years were those of Beethoven’s short-lived connection with the theatre. In 1801 he had provided the score for the ballet Die Geschöpfe des Prometheus (The Creatures of Prometheus). Two years later he was offered a contract for an opera on a classical subject with a libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder, who had achieved fame and wealth as the librettist of Mozart’s The Magic Flute and who was then impresario of the Theater an der Wien. Two or three completed numbers show that Beethoven had already begun work on it before Schikaneder himself was ousted from the management and the contract annulled—somewhat to Beethoven’s relief, as he had found Schikaneder’s verses “such as could only have proceeded from the mouths of our Viennese applewomen.” When the new management reengaged Beethoven the following year, it was largely on the strength of his now almost-forgotten oratorio, Christus am Ölberg (Christ on the Mount of Olives),

which had been given in an all-Beethoven benefit concert, together with the first two symphonies and the Third Piano Concerto.

The year 1804 was to see the completion of the Third Symphony, regarded by most biographers as a landmark in Beethoven’s development. It is the answer to the “Heiligenstadt Testament”: a symphony on an unprecedented scale and at the same time a prodigious assertion of the human will. The work was to have been dedicated to Napoleon, intermittently one of Beethoven’s heroes, but Beethoven struck out the dedication on hearing that Napoleon had taken the title of emperor. Outraged in his republican principles, he changed the title to Eroica and added the words “for the memory of a great man.” From then on the masterworks followed hard on one another’s heels: the Waldstein Piano Sonata, Opus 53; Piano Sonata in F Minor, Opus 57, known as the Appassionata; the Piano Concerto No. 4 in G Major, Opus 58; the three Razumovsky Quartets, Opus 59; the Fourth Symphony, Opus 60; the Violin Concerto, Opus 61.

To this period also belongs his one opera, Fidelio, commissioned for the winter season of 1805. The play concerns a wife who disguises herself as a boy in order to rescue her husband, imprisoned for political reasons; in setting this to music, Beethoven was influenced by Ferdinando Paer and by Luigi Cherubini, composer of similar “rescue” operas and a musician whom he greatly admired. Fidelio enjoyed no great success at first, partly because the presence of French troops, who had occupied Vienna after the Battle of Austerlitz, kept most of the Viennese away. With great difficulty Beethoven was persuaded to make certain changes for a revival in the following spring, with modified libretto.

This time the opera survived two performances and would have run longer but for a quarrel between Beethoven and the management, after which the composer in a fury withdrew his score. It was not until eight years later that Fidelio, heavily revised by Beethoven himself and a new librettist, returned to the Vienna stage, to become one of the classics of the German theatre. Beethoven later turned over many other operatic projects in his mind but without bringing any to fruition.

The established composer

During all this time, Beethoven, like Mozart, had maintained himself without the benefit of an official position—but with far greater success insofar as he had no family to support. His reputation as a composer was steadily soaring both in Austria and abroad. The critics of the Leipzig Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, the most authoritative music journal in Europe, had long since passed from carping impertinence to unqualified praise, so that, although there were as yet no copyright laws to ensure a system of royalties, Beethoven was able to drive far more-favourable bargains with the publishing firms than Haydn and Mozart before him or Franz Schubert after him.

Despite the restrictions on Viennese musical life imposed by the war with France, Beethoven had no difficulty in getting his most ambitious works performed, largely because of the generosity of such patrons as Prince Lichnowsky, who at one point made him a regular allowance of 600 florins a year. Others would pay handsomely for a dedication—e.g., the Graf (count) von Oppersdorf, for the Fourth Symphony. Also, Beethoven’s pupils included the archduke Rudolf, youngest brother of the emperor. Consequently, poverty was never a serious threat. But, doubtless because of increasing deafness combined with a habitual readiness to take offense, Beethoven’s relations with the Viennese musicians, on whose cooperation he depended, became steadily worse;

and in 1808, at a benefit concert where the Fourth Piano Concerto, the Fifth and Sixth symphonies, and the Choral Fantasia, Opus 80, were first performed publicly, there occurred a quarrel so serious that Beethoven thought of leaving Vienna altogether.

But the threat of his departure was sufficient to stir his patrons into action. The archduke Rudolf, Prince Lobkowitz, and Prince Kinsky banded together to provide him with an annuity of 4,000 florins, requiring only that he should remain in Vienna and compose. The agreement remained in force until Beethoven’s death, though it was to be affected by circumstances, one of which was the devaluation of 1811; although the archduke increased his contribution accordingly, it was some time before his partners could do the same. Nevertheless, from 1809 onward Beethoven remained adequately provided for, although his habits of life often gave visitors the impression that he was miserably poor. Inevitably, his public appearances became less frequent.

Beethoven and women

In this period too, he considered more seriously than before the idea of marriage. As early as 1801, letters to his friend Wegeler refer to “a dear sweet girl who loves me and whom I love.” This is thought to have been the countess Giulietta Guicciardi, a piano pupil and the cousin of two other pupils, Therese and Josephine, daughters of the Graf von Brunsvik. It was to Giulietta that he dedicated the Piano Sonata in C-sharp Minor, Opus 27, No. 2, known as the Moonlight Sonata. But the countess married the Graf von Gallenberg in 1803, and in later years Beethoven seems to have remembered her only with mild contempt. It seems clear, however, that he did propose marriage to her cousin Josephine, whose elderly husband, the Graf von Deym, died in 1804, and the understanding appears to have continued for about three years, until it was brought to an end partly by Beethoven’s own indecisiveness and partly by pressure from Josephine’s family.

The prospective bride of 1810 is thought to have been Therese Malfatti, daughter of one of Beethoven’s doctors, but, like the other marriage projects, this too lapsed, and Beethoven remained a bachelor.

A curious item, however, was found among his effects, locked away in a drawer, at the time of his death: three letters, written but apparently never sent (they may have been sent but returned to him), to the “Immortal Beloved.” The content, which varies from high-flown poetic sentiments to banal complaints about his health and discomfort, makes it clear that this is no literary exercise but was intended for a real person. The month and day of the week are given, but not the year. The periods 1801–02, 1806–07, and 1811–12 have been proposed, but the last is the most probable. The most cogent arguments regarding

the identity of the person addressed, those by Maynard Solomon, point to Antonie Brentano, a native Viennese, who was the wife of a Frankfurt merchant and sister-in-law to Beethoven familiar Bettina Brentano.

Wider recognition

In 1810 E.T.A. Hoffmann in Berlin produced an appreciation of the Fifth Symphony, which undoubtedly did much to launch that work on its triumphant career throughout the world and, above all, to interest the Romantics in its composer. The same year, Beethoven made the acquaintance of the writer Bettina Brentano, the sister of the German poet and novelist Clemens Brentano and, later, wife of Achim von Arnim, the two compilers of the famous collection of German folk poetry, Des Knaben Wunderhorn. Of the letters that Bettina gave out as having been written to her by Beethoven, only one can be accepted as genuine;

at least one of the others, in which the composer is made to philosophize on music in the most uncharacteristically romantic terms, must be dismissed as spurious. Bettina also performed the questionable service of bringing together Beethoven and Goethe at Teplitz in 1812 (coincidentally, the likely setting for the “Immortal Beloved” letters as well).

This time the opera survived two performances and would have run longer but for a quarrel between Beethoven and the management, after which the composer in a fury withdrew his score. It was not until eight years later that Fidelio, heavily revised by Beethoven himself and a new librettist, returned to the Vienna stage, to become one of the classics of the German theatre. Beethoven later turned over many other operatic projects in his mind but without bringing any to fruition. 3

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Sports biomechanics is a quantitative based study and analysis of professional athletes and sports activities in general.[1] It can simply be described as the physics of sports. In this subfield of biomechanics the laws of mechanics are applied in order to gain a greater understanding of athletic performance through mathematical modeling, computer simulation and measurement. Biomechanics is the study of the structure and function of biological systems by means of the methods of mechanics (the branch of physics involving analysis of the actions of forces). Within mechanics there are two sub-fields of study:

statics, which is the study of systems that are in a state of constant motion either at rest (with no motion) or moving with a constant velocity; and dynamics, which is the study of systems in motion in which acceleration is present, which may involve kinematics (the study of the motion of bodies with respect to time, displacement, velocity, and speed of movement either in a straight line or in a rotary direction) and kinetics (the study of the forces associated with motion, including forces causing motion and forces resulting from motion).[2] Sports biomechanists help people obtain optimal muscle recruitment and performance. A biomechanist also uses their knowledge to apply proper load barring techniques to preserve the body.

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It’s awfully quiet in Assen, and why shouldn’t it be? This is a small town on the east side of the Netherlands on a late-morning in mid-winter. But as I walk along a road split down the middle of what I’m going to go ahead and describe as “quasi-enchanted” woods—past the tall, frosted trees, past the reindeer enclosure—I can sense imminent heat. Because I know that soon I’ll be at the Bonte Wever Hotel. Soon, I’ll be at the Dutch Open.

It is not the most illustrious darts tournament in the world, nor is it the richest, nor the prettiest. The game’s highest earners and biggest names (invariably, pudgy Northern European men) play in the PDC, another league altogether. But this tournament is, by sheer mass, the biggest. This year, 5,857 entrants have paid their 22.50 Euros to take a chance at some kind of glory while thousands more have come to swirl and gawk and cheer. And as I pop out of the tree line, there is that heat. Already, the patio of the Bonte Wever is overrun by the clamor and the smoke of hundreds of dartspersons happily getting beer-drunk before noon.

Inside, a complex of carpeted conference rooms has been made over with batches of plywood and partition walls covered in blue tarp. Before, perhaps, there would have been metal fold-up chairs. Drowsy lectures. Now, everywhere, there are the demarcation lines known as oches and dartboards, and, everywhere, there are children and women and men smashing darts into them, thwack thwack thwack, three at a time.

There is a feel here akin to the World Series of Poker—the hope, the collective desire, is that a complete unknown will make a madman-run to glory.

layers are surrounded by clusters of supporters, and as they wheel around after a victory they’re greeted with fist-pounds, back-slaps, skull-slaps, howls, and sighs of relief. “Da return of da legend!” comes, in a clipped accent, from a top the din of one such cluster. They are all here for you, enjoying the reflected flow of your temporary glow.

I chat quickly with a cluster-supporter, who is barely giving me the time of day because his favorite player is making mincemeat of an opponent. “Last year he made it to the final 256,” he says, not taking his eyes off his man. “This year, who knows?!”

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来自亚太地区、西欧、东欧以及北美洲等区域的23个国家的大使联合致信联合国人权事务高级专员和人权理事会主席，表示关注对广泛监视，限制宗教和迁徙自由，以及对新疆维吾尔族和其他少数民族的大规模任意拘留的关注。这些国家敦促中国遵守自己国家的法律和国际义务，并呼吁允许包括高级专员在内的独立观察员有意义地进入新疆，正如国际人权服务社一直所推动的。

国际人权服务社欢迎人权理事会和高级专员在问责和行动方面的重要和积极进展。中国正在进行大规模的外交和宣传工作，谴责所谓的“西方虚伪”，并使新疆的严重侵犯人权合法化，无视联合国高级专员本人的调查结果。

联合声明发出了明确的信息，人权理事会成员资格不能让任何国家免于其国际义务。相反，作为人权理事会成员，中国必须坚持促进和保护人权和基本自由的最高标准，并与人权理事会充分合作。

国际人权服务社主任菲尔·林奇对联合声明表示欢迎，他说，23个国家联合对在新疆的维吾尔人、其他突厥穆斯林和少数民族的广泛任意拘留以及有系统的种族和宗教歧视表达关注，这是重要和积极的。

林奇说，这些侵犯人权行为很可能构成危害人类罪，必须进行全面和独立的调查，个人和国家行为者都必须承担责任。我们敦促签署这封信的那些有原则有勇气的政府通过双边压力采取后续行动，如果在此期间没有实质性的改善，那么在人权理事会9月会议时应以决议形式采取集体行动

什么是 SOAP？
SOAP 指简易对象访问协议
SOAP 是一种通信协议
SOAP 用于应用程序之间的通信
SOAP 是一种用于发送消息的格式
SOAP 被设计用来通过因特网进行通信
SOAP 独立于平台
SOAP 独立于语言
SOAP 基于 XML
SOAP 很简单并可扩展
SOAP 允许您绕过防火墙
SOAP 将被作为 W3C 标准来发展

为什么使用 SOAP？
对于应用程序开发来说，使程序之间进行因特网通信是很重要的。

目前的应用程序通过使用远程过程调用（RPC）在诸如 DCOM 与 CORBA 等对象之间进行通信，但是 HTTP 不是为此设计的。RPC 会产生兼容性以及安全问题；防火墙和代理服务器通常会阻止此类流量。

通过 HTTP 在应用程序间通信是更好的方法，因为 HTTP 得到了所有的因特网浏览器及服务器的支持。SOAP 就是被创造出来完成这个任务的。

SOAP 提供了一种标准的方法，使得运行在不同的操作系统并使用不同的技术和编程语言的应用程序可以互相进行通信。

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Mary Taft lives with her two daughters, seven cats and two dogs in a mansion in Panama — and she wouldn’t have it any other way.

But the former teacher and school administrator didn’t always know that a Panamanian retirement was in store for her. Indeed, as she consulted about where to move with her two adult daughters, dozens of spots were on the table. “We had this blue sky conversation — where can we all go and live together,” the 63-year-old former Springfield, Mass., resident says. “Canada was out because it was too cold. We wanted the tropics because we were sick of winter. We ruled out Asia because it was too far and the language barrier, Australia was too expensive.”

The Spanish speaker had been to Latin America numerous times, and her older daughter, a musician, worked a lot in Brazil, so they began looking around there. They ruled out Belize because of a “lack of infrastructure,” and Costa Rica because of its expense and “poor track record with health care,” Taft says. But Boquete, Panama — a lush, mild-weather town in the Panamanian highlands that’s popular with expats — checked nearly all their boxes.

“It’s a place of indescribable beauty and the culture is complex and vibrant,” she says. “It’s not a sleepy town in the mountains, there’s arts and culture, birding, sailing, hiking, restaurants with chefs from around the world, it’s a foodie paradise. There’s so much going on here.” (Travel guide Lonely Planet writes this: “Boquete is known for its cool, fresh climate and pristine natural surroundings. Flowers, coffee, vegetables and citrus fruits flourish in its rich soil, and the friendliness of the locals seems to rub off on everyone who passes through.”

Plus, Mary says she and her daughters were fed up with a lot of things in America — including the high cost of living, repeated mass shootings and what she saw as a lot of “rage and hate” among residents. “The U.S. has gotten so out of control -- the social fabric is shattering,” she says. “It is an act of insanity to continue to stay in the U.S.,” she adds, noting that in Panama crime is low, you more rarely see guns, and life can be more affordable.
(Indeed, Panama is a pretty safe country: The U.S. government puts Panama at a level one in terms of safety, the best ranking you can get — though it advises Americans not to travel to parts of the Mosquito Gulf and Darien Region due to crime. And it’s important to note that some types of crime may be more prevalent in Panama than the United States, and there are plenty of countries that are even safer.)

In 2018, Mary moved to Panama with her two daughters — and she’s staying put.

“Unless somebody dies, I don’t envision going back there,” she says. “I have only been back once. I had to go to Miami to do some personal banking, I did the banking, and I got back on the plane.” Here’s what life is like — including costs, health care, residency and more — in Boquete, Panama.

The cost: “I spend about the same [as in the U.S.], but I have a much better lifestyle for the same cost,” Mary says. While she had one home in Springfield, in Panama she has two homes — a three-bedroom condo at the beach and roughly 6,000-square-feet of house (that includes a main house and a little two-bedroom casita on the property) perched up in the mountains. Marys says she purchased the house for $499,000 and condo for $219,000, adding that “it is possible to purchase lovely, well-appointed houses that are a bit smaller in the $200,000 range.” (Referring to her daughters and pets, she says, “Each of us has a separate section of the house,” she explains, joking that “there would be blood flowing” if they all lived on top of one another.)

Some things are expensive in the area, like eating out, which might cost “$40/person at upscale restaurants, or $10/person at a medium scale restaurant, or $7/person at a tipico Panamanian restaurant,” shes says, adding that she loves the food in the area. (But local Panamanian beer can be had for $1, she adds, and you can get a good Chilean wine at the grocery store for $5 to $7.)

Other things are more affordable: Her electricity bill is only about $30 a month because of her solar panels, shes says, and her cell phone bill is $20 a month “but everyone uses WhatsApp for everything,” so she says she is “probably over-paying.”

International Living magazine breaks out the costs of living in Boquete, estimating that you could live pretty well on about $1,550 to $2,600 a month:
- Rent (two bedroom, centrally located apartment): $800 to $1,200 per month
- Electricity: $60-$150
- Water and trash pickup: $0-$25
- Gas for cooking, heating etc.: $0-$10
- Supermarket (mix of local and imported food/household items): $400-$500
- Entertainment for two (movies twice a month with snacks; dinner out four times a month): $140 - $400
- Phone: $13-$20
- High-speed internet: $20-$45
- Cable or satellite TV: $35-$50
- Transportation (taxis or fuel on compact car): $75-$200
TOTAL: $1,553 - $2,600 a month

The pensionado program: “The pensionado visa is the most popular visa for retirees,” says Jackie Lange, an expat since 2010 who now runs a Panama relocation program — and it gives retirees throughout Panama deep discounts on everything from airfare to restaurants. A retiree collecting Social Security can apply for the “Panama Pensionado Visa,” as long as they have regular income of at least $1,000 a month, or income of at least $750 a month and they buy property for at least $100,000. When you qualify you get lots of perks including 50% off entertainment anywhere in the country (movies, concerts, sports); 30% off bus, boat, and train fares; 25% off airline tickets; between 30-50% off hotel stays; 25% off restaurants; 15% off hospital bills; 10% off prescriptions; 20% off medical consultations, 15% off dental and eye exams, and more.

Mary loves the program. When she shops, say to pick up her medications, the clerk “calls me a jubiloso — it means a jubilant person — that’s where they get the word for retiree,” she says. “I have a 10% discount at the pharmacy, I give them my old box of whatever and they give me a new one. In and out in five minutes. Even my dogs and cats get a discount on medication.

Residency: “It’s a daunting process,” Mary says — adding that she got a lawyer to help her navigate through it. The process takes months, has “many, many steps,” and is “ impossible for an outsider to navigate.” Her advice is that you “follow your lawyer’s directions, provide what s/he asks for, and show up in Panama at their direction and do what they say.” She says that getting a driver’s license in Panama is also complicated. These resources can help youget started.

Health care: Health care in Panama is considered good for the region (particularly in Panama City, which has a number of respected hospitals and is about an hour’s flight from Boquete), and the country ranks in the top 100 countries in the world in terms of quality and access to health care for its residents.

Mary has catastrophic health insurance from Cigna International, and says she pays roughly $2,000 a year for it. In Panama, she pays out of pocket for her occasional doctor’s visits (about $20); her inhaler (she has asthma) costs $20 at the local pharmacy with the retiree discount and her sleep meds cost about $10 for a two month’s supply, she says. “Doctors here are well-trained and efficient,” she says — adding that she communicates with them via WhatsApp if she needs anything.

The cons of living in Panama: Though Panama has better roads and infrastructure than plenty of other Central and South American nations, some rural areas are still lacking. And Americans used to prompt customer service might be a bit hard-pressed to adapt to the slower pace of life in Panama. You also can’t always get all the goods you do in the States. Mary jokes that the one thing she misses most are “Temptations cat treats … much to the chagrin of expat cat owners far and wide!”

Bottom line: Mary stays busy by being on the board of directors at an animal rescue nonprofit, Salvadores de Animales, and says she loves the food and activities in the country. But it’s the friendly Panamanian spirit that truly sells Mary on it. “Panamanians celebrate many more holidays than in the U.S., and there are typically parades with music and horses. It was explained to me that ‘Panamanians like each other and we like to get together to celebrate our lives,’ which is why there are so many celebrations,” she says, “I enjoy being in a place where people like each other.”

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Consider the Atlanta Braves, however, a team that might be starting to peak at the right time. The Braves went into Citi Field this weekend to face a red-hot New York Mets team that plays very well at home and had just swept the red-hot Cleveland Indians. The Braves swept the series to run their winning streak to eight games, and the three wins were each impressive in their own way:

Friday: Atlanta won 2-1 in 14 innings, outlasting Jacob deGrom as Mike Foltynewicz allowed two hits in seven innings and the bullpen tossed seven scoreless.

Consider the Atlanta Braves, however, a team that might be starting to peak at the right time. The Braves went into Citi Field this weekend to face a red-hot New York Mets team that plays very well at home and had just swept the red-hot Cleveland Indians. The Braves swetp the series to run their winning streak to eight games, and the three wins were each impressive in their own way:

Friday: Atlanta won 2-1 in 14 innings, outlasting Jacob deGrom as Mike Foltynewicz allowed two hits in seven innings and the bullpen tossed seven scoreless.

Consider the Atlanta Braves, however, a team that might be starting to peak at the right time. The Braves went into Citi Field this weekend to face a red-hot New York Mets team that plays very well at home and had just swept the red-hot Cleveland Indians. The Braves swept the series to run their winning streak to eight games, and the three wins were each impressive in their own way:

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움의 축복, 성탄절

“ 천사가 이르되 마리아여 무서워하지 말라 . 네가 하나님께 은혜를 입었느니라. 보라 네가 잉태하여 아들을 낳으리니 그 이름을 예수라 하라…. 마리아가 천사에게 말하되 나는 남자를 알지 못하니 어찌 이 일이 있으리이까?”

놀람의 축복을 누리는 절기, 성탄절입니다.

처녀가 잉태하여 아들을 낳았습니다.

혼인을 앞 둔 여자의 태 속에서 하나님께서 인간의 형체를 취하셨습니다. 전지하시고 전능하신 영원한 하나님께서 하늘 궁전을 떠나셔서 이 세상에 거하시기 위해 겸손한 모습으로 오셨습니다.

창조주께서 세상에 오셨지만 마땅히 받으셔야 할 뜨거운 환영도 없었고, 그의 백성들은 천지의 창조주에게 방 한 칸도 허락하지 않았습니다.

놀람의 축복을 누리는 절기, 성탄절입니다.

밤에 양떼를 지키던 초라한 목자들이 하늘의 음악 소리를 들었습니다. 이들은 베들레헴으로 가서 구유에 누인 구세주를 만나고 그들이 보고 들은 좋은 소식을 전파하기 시작했습니다.

이어서 동방박사들이 베들레헴에 이르러 아기에게 귀중한 예물을 들렸습니다.

그러나 인간의 모습을 입으시고 연약함을 취하신 그분께서는 누구든지 자신의 권력에 대적할 것처럼 보이기만 하면 생명을 뺏으려는 거짓 폭군 때문에 난민의 신세가 되셔야 했습니다.

참으로 놀람의 축복을 누리는 절기입니다.

우리는 예수님 안에서 우리와 같이 되셔서 우리를 지음 받은 대로 살 수 있도록 도우시는 은혜로우신 하나님을 만나게 되었습니다. 그분을 통해서 우리는 변화되었고 바랄 수 없는 구원의 선물을 받았습니다.

바로 그 하나님께서 어린 아이의 모습으로 우리의 마음 속에 다시 임하셔서 온전하고 풍성한 영생을 누리도록 해주시는 절기가 바로 성탄절입니다. 하나님께서 선물로 자신을 다시 한번 주시며 놀람의 축복을 맛보게 하십니다. 이 선물을 깨닫기만 한다면, 성령께서 우리를 풍성한 생명으로 이끄시고 이 세상과 오는 세상에서 축복이 되게 하실 것입니다.

Me too! buyer scammed me for item and received refund
Abel Culper
bussl19moore@outlook.com
+1 313-154-9584
16260 Wildemere St, Detroit, MI 48221

PLEASE report the scammers at https://detroitmi.gov/departments/police-department/report-crime -- this is the Detroit police department's online police report site

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How To Learn A Language In 20 Minutes Per Day

How long should you practice a new language every day? We sat down with one of our linguistics experts to find out why our app gets you speaking a new language in only 20 minutes a day.

As you might expect in a language learning company, almost everyone who works at Babbel is multilingual. I say almost because I’m not one of them (yet). Like many native English speakers, my attempts to learn a second language in school were in vain. I have now reached an intermediate conversational level in German, but it’s nothing compared to my international colleagues. Every day I hear people walking around the office speaking dozens of different languages, code switching in conversations with different colleagues, and translating their funny idioms into English. But even among the serial language learners at Babbel, you’ll never find someone poring over French 101 textbooks, cramming themselves to fluency.

That’s because the central principle of the Babbel language learning approach is that people should spend about 20 minutes per day studying a new language. This is surprisingly short compared to the length of time university students are expected to study a language nightly (~90 minutes). So how are people at Babbel picking up new languages even though they’re putting in less time than I spent cramming Spanish verb conjugation in high school? I sat down with one of Babbel’s linguistic experts, Karoline Schnur, to find out how 20 minutes of learning per day is all you need to become proficient in a new language.

Karoline Schnur, linguistics expert at Babbel

3. Build confidence through practice

She also recommended that one day per week should focus on applying the language to real life:

“If there’s a Spanish restaurant in your city, why not greet them with ‘Hola!‘ or try ordering in Spanish? If that’s unavailable where you live, the internet still provides a lot of places to read the language, or listen to a podcast, or to find an online community where you can communicate with others. To apply is the best way to really get the information into long-term memory.”

The Babbel Approach

Karoline started off by explaining the central principle behind the Babbel learning approach: “If you read a lot of information, you won’t be able to absorb everything. We call this information overload or cognitive overload.” She explained that the brain is a master at deciding what information in our daily lives is important and what is background noise. This background information is tossed out, and never makes it into our long-term memory. Great for guiding our day-to-day lives, but not so great for language learning.

Karoline was also keen to dispel the myths about cramming, or binge learning: “This is when you have a big test coming up so you sit down and try to learn everything that you need to know. But how much do you remember after a week? Probably not that much.” Instead of worrying about trying to do a lot all at once, it’s actually more important to repeat a smaller portion of information more frequently. She continued, “To get something into long term memory, you must make connections and repeat it. Repetition is really important in language learning.”

Fortunately, the Babbel App was specifically designed with the limitations of human memory in mind. Twenty minutes corresponds well with the principle of “chunking” in psychology — our brains work best at absorbing around seven new things at a time. As Karoline explained, “If you think about the capacity of your brain to digest around seven chunks of new information, the time is a clear limit. From our Babbel perspective, you could start with repetition: you repeat 10 items and you need less than 5 minutes for that. Then you can do a new lesson, which takes about 15 minutes. Now you have your 20 minutes.”

Sounds easy enough, right?

A Scientific Approach That Works

With some of the science behind the Babbel approach under our belt, it was time to see how the app reinforced this approach. According to Karoline, “We have repetition built into the lessons with different exercises and different contexts, so that you make these connections.” While you may first encounter a certain set of vocabulary in the beginner courses, these words will also pop up in later dialogue practices — and not just in the obvious contexts. For example, a course on talking about young children will not only feature the standard vocabulary of child-rearing, but will also have words related to seniors, construction and noise. This is because our world is dynamic, and it’s important to recall these words at any time — not just at the kindergarten!

Because repetition is so important, the Babbel App has a Review Manager that’s designed solely for repeating information and getting it into your long-term memory. When talking about the rationale behind this approach, Karoline explained, “This also comes from psychology, and it’s based on time intervals. Each time you repeat something and get it correct, it will move up a step.” When using the app, you’ll notice that items come up for review not only right after a lesson is completed, but in the days and weeks that follow. She continued, “If you keep getting it correct, the time until you see it again expands. After all those steps are done, we say, ‘OK, this is in your long-term memory.'” In this way, Babbel isn’t just helping you memorize vocabulary, but truly learn a language.

Our Tips And Tricks For Language Learning

1. Learning on the go

With only 20 minutes to study each day, I was eager to ask Karoline for any tips she could give me to best use my time. “If you take a moment to determine where you have more time and where you have less time, you can choose your lesson accordingly. At Babbel, we’ve designed our lessons so that they fit perfectly into those times when you’re waiting or commuting.” Many users (including lots of employees here at Babbel) use the app while on public transportation, especially on their way to work. It’s the perfect use of an otherwise boring stretch of time.

2. Find the right learning pattern for you

Karoline noted that learners can adapt their studying to their personality type. “There are two types of language learners: those who like routines and those who don’t. The ones who like routines can make up their own schedule, like two sets of repetition and one new lesson, and they stick to it. Then there are ones that don’t like routines. It’s no problem, they just don’t do the same thing every day.” She suggested that these types of people can choose to dedicate some days to only repetition (which isn’t a lost day, because you didn’t forget anything!), and other days to just new lessons, or whatever ratio they prefer.

3. Build confidence through practice

She also recommended that one day per week should focus on applying the language to real life:
If you plan on using the language in real life (which is the goal, isn’t it?), then you should actually put it to use.

4. Make a habit of daily learning
As for Karoline’s final tip: “The most important thing is to do something every day. Even if it’s just 10 minutes, instead of 20, it’s better than nothing because you made connections.” While spending a full 20 minutes a day should be the goal for language learning, the key to proficiency in another language is daily practice. With this consistency, you’ll be speaking a new language in no time.

Start learning a language now. It only takes 20 minutes per day!
https://www.babbel.com/

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide (MW: average 20,000) found mainly in various species of brown algae and brown seaweed such as mozuku, kombu, bladderwrack, wakame, and hijiki (variant forms of fucoidan have also been found in animal species, including the sea cucumber).

Fucoidins have been investigated in preclinical studies for anti-oxidant, cognitive protective , anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-hyperglycemic activity.

폭포수들! 각기다른크기와모양으로쏟아지는폭포들의아름다움에눈을뗄수가없다. 브라질의파라나에있는이과수폭포의장엄함은압도적이었다. 엄청난광경이다. 절벽을넘어쏟아지는수백만리터의물줄기들은돌처럼단단해보였다. 이물줄기는연이어쏟아지고먼거리까지도달하며영겁의시간동안지속되었다. 이과수폭포가보여주는아름다움과웅장한다양함에감탄할때, 우리는구속사에나타난놀라운순간들을기억하게된다. 땅을가르는폭포수는하나님께서혼돈가운데서물들을나누시고땅을조성하셨던창조의새벽, 바로그순간을상기시켜준다. 하나님께서는자연이아름다움을찬란하게발하고,피조물들이번성하고, 아름답게조경된생명의동산에서서로를돌보아줄수있는공간을만들어주신것이었다. 폭포수는위협적인홍수로우리의연약함을알게하시고, 택하신백성을향한하나님의주권적은혜를깨닫도록하는삶의여정,바로그순간을기억하게해준다. 이스라엘백성들은격랑의물속에서아무런해를받지않고홍해를건너갔다. 이들은악과위험에서우리를건지실수있는분의보호아래,역사를관통하는하나님의백성으로택함받는거룩한여정을경험한것이었다.

특별히이과수폭포수는끝부분에도달하면,산기슭을따라2 킬로미터정도의인공적부분을지나서이제는더이상위에서쏟아지는물이아닌새로운모습을보이게된다. 부싯돌같은바위들을뛰어넘어서강기슭에강하게부딪히면서굉음을내고다가오는사람들에게물보라를끼치는또다른모습을보여주게된다. 폭포수의장엄한모습은창조주가허락하신,귀한선물로서의아기가엄마의태에서터치고나오는모습을상기시켜준다. 양수를터치고나오는새생명은신비와약속과소망을함께가져온다. 어린십대소녀였던마리아는하나님께서자신에게행하시는,아름답지만두려운일을천사에게들었을때이신비를목도하게되었다.“주님의뜻이이루어지이다”라는놀랍지만차분한준비된응답으로그녀는순종하였다.베들레헴에서위대하고기념할만한바로그날, 그녀의태가터지며신비로운분이태어나셨고마리아는그아기를구유에눕혔다.무명한자로태어났지만그분의오심은온인류역사를가르는엄청난일로알려졌다.

신생아의울음으로,예수께서는사랑스러운어머님의안전한태를벗어나서온갖염려로가득찬세상으로들어오셨다. 태어나자마자난민으로삶의아픔을경험하셨다. 후에는집없는자로유랑하기도하셨다.마침내는정의를흉내낸자라는죄명으로생명을잃게되었다. 그러나그분의생애는어떻게사랑이삶을이끌어가는지, 어떻게용서가죄를덮어주는지, 어떻게풍성한삶이두려운죽음을극복하는지를보여주셨다.
성탄아침에터져나온그생명의물은죽음이파괴할수없는생명의길을이루었다. 골고다도그생명을끌수없었고단지빈무덤을향한길을보여줄뿐이었다.죽음은부활의승리에게자리를내주었다.무엇보다도이과수폭포수가내게깨우쳐준것은성탄절이시공간을가르는기쁜소식이라는것과쏟아지는물은동정녀의태에서터져오는노도와같은생명을기억하게한다는사실이다.이는역사의흐름을변화시킨일이며, 모든사람의삶과모든공동체의궤적을변화시키는힘이된역사적사건이다. 우리가기뻐하는그아기의탄생은임마누엘, 하나님이우리와함께하신다는것이다. 이성탄절의영광스러운소식이당신과당신이사랑하는사람들을어떻게변화시켜왔는지놀라지않을수없지않는가?

네빌캐람사무총장침례교세계동맹(번역: 이현모)

Donald J. Trump
‏Verified account @realDonaldTrump

The Wall is going up very fast despite total Obstruction by Democrats in Congress, and elsewhere!

https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1166769660450226177

The Farmers are going to be so happy when they see what we are doing for Ethanol, not even including the E-15, year around, which is already done. It will be a giant package, get ready! At the same time I was able to save the small refineries from certain closing. Great for all!

https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1167064301565358080

Donald J. Trump
@realDonaldTrump
If the Fed would cut, we would have one of the biggest Stock Market increases in a long time. Badly run and weak companies are smartly blaming these small Tariffs instead of themselves for bad management...and who can really blame them for doing that? Excuses!
10:10 AM · Aug 30, 2019·Twitter for iPhone

https://mobile.twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1167439383932391425

Donald J. Trump
@realDonaldTrump
In addition to Florida - South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama, will most likely be hit (much) harder than anticipated. Looking like one of the largest hurricanes ever. Already category 5. BE CAREFUL! GOD BLESS EVERYONE!
10:51 AM · Sep 1, 2019·Twitter for iPhone

https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1168174613827899393

Donald J. Trump
@realDonaldTrump
....The good news is that we are winning. Our real opponent is not the Democrats, or the dwindling number of Republicans that lost their way and got left behind, our primary opponent is the Fake News Media. In the history of our Country, they have never been so bad!
8:22 AM · Sep 2, 2019·Twitter for iPhone

https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1168499357131427840

魚、漁

1.解「捕魚」的用「漁」，如漁船（捕魚的船）、漁民（捕魚的人）。但「捕魚」不作「捕漁」，因為「漁」字已有捕之意，「捕漁」就變成是「捕捕魚」了。

2.解「漁民」的用「漁」，如漁村（漁民住的村落）、漁歌（漁民所唱的歌）。

3.解「漁船」的用「漁」，如漁火（漁船上的燈火）、漁港（停泊漁船的港灣）。

4.只有「漁」有動詞用法，「魚」只有名詞用法。所以「漁利」是「漁」（謀取不應有的利益）。這基本上是從「鷸蚌相爭，漁人得利」而來的。既然是「漁人」（捕魚的人），當然是「漁」了。

5.單純一條條那些海洋生物才「魚」，如游魚。「魚」身上的東西用「魚」，如魚肝油、魚肚。

6.由於「魚貫」是指像「游魚」一樣一個挨一個地接連著走，所以是魚。

7.有數個詞語由於既可以「魚」來形容，也可以「捕魚」來形容，所以可以用「魚」或「漁」，包括魚具（漁具）、魚網（漁網）和魚汛（漁汛）。

回上頁

A buyer with this address also scammed me. they purchased a $500 casio g shock on ebay, received it, and then requested a return and they sent me back an empty box.

魚、漁

1.解「捕魚」的用「漁」，如漁船（捕魚的船）、漁民（捕魚的人）。但「捕魚」不作「捕漁」，因為「漁」字已有捕之意，「捕漁」就變成是「捕捕魚」了。

2.解「漁民」的用「漁」，如漁村（漁民住的村落）、漁歌（漁民所唱的歌）。

3.解「漁船」的用「漁」，如漁火（漁船上的燈火）、漁港（停泊漁船的港灣）。

4.只有「漁」有動詞用法，「魚」只有名詞用法。所以「漁利」是「漁」（謀取不應有的利益）。這基本上是從「鷸蚌相爭，漁人得利」而來的。既然是「漁人」（捕魚的人），當然是「漁」了。

5.單純一條條那些海洋生物才「魚」，如游魚。「魚」身上的東西用「魚」，如魚肝油、魚肚。

6.由於「魚貫」是指像「游魚」一樣一個挨一個地接連著走，所以是魚。

7.有數個詞語由於既可以「魚」來形容，也可以「捕魚」來形容，所以可以用「魚」或「漁」，包括魚具（漁具）、魚網（漁網）和魚汛（漁汛）。

回上頁

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